Je me suis inspiré de "The "Holey" Bible Contradictions & fallacies in the Holy Bible: A primer for literal believers in creationism" ( http://www.webster.sk.ca/greenwich/bible-a.htm ), dont j'avais vérifié l'adéquation des passages bibliques. D'ailleurs, on y trouve le passage que tu cites. Je poste un passage (que je n'ai pas le temps de traduire, désolé):
"IN GENESIS, the long discredited description of the heavens as a "firmament" is a fundamental contradiction in the Bible of the known realities of astronomy today. Biblical stars, sun and moon are all embedded "in" this firmament. (The meaning, during biblical times, of the word "firmament," was a "solid" body or orb, or the solid concentric domes holding the heavenly bodies ~ Webster's Third International Dictionary.) We are told there are waters below the firmament, and told waters are "above" it, too (1:7). Really!!
Above the firmament" (Gen. 1:7) is where the huge supply of water needed for the Flood was stored -- more than all earth's clouds could ever provide. As we read in the account of the Flood, God ended the rains using Babylonian astronomy again (Gen. 8:2): "the WINDOWS of heaven were stopped and the rain...restrained." (My emphasis)
BABYLONIAN ASTRONOMERS envisaged earth as a hollow mountain surrounded by a vast sea. (Pictured above. The sea is shown much smaller, the mountain much larger, in order to fit.) Inside the earth lay the dark, dusty realm of the dead. Arching over earth is the "circle of the earth" (Isa. 40:22) or the solid firmament (Greek: solid body; firm foundation) on which moved sun, moon, planets and stars, somehow. Held above the firmament was water (for rain, to come through "windows"), and the firmament domes were supported by a ring of raised earth set in the midst of the sea. [In later times, astronomy saw the addition of more firmaments to better account for the separate motions of the moon, sun and planets. The firmaments were seen as complex rotating solid concentric domes, one within another.].
Why was the firmament formed in the "midst" of earth's "waters"(1:6)? Clearly, this is an image of a dome-like firmament over flat waters of a flat earth. Had earth commonly been known to be round then, the writers wouldn't need to have God set the domes in the sea, a notion likely conceived to keep seas from draining off over the "edges" or "ends" of the earth.
The Bible's scribes exactly copied the ignorant inventions of Babylonian firmament astronomy of that time, including its words and concepts of windows and doors in the firmament for rain!
Did God speak thus, to be understood and not confuse or mentally upset those living then? Could it really upset people then to deal with truthful astronomy -- the same people who were ready to believe in a virgin birth or a that a woman could be born from a man's rib-bone?
(NOTE: Christian scholar Saint Augustine [354-430 A.D.] and Father Lactantius, etc., continued the traditional denial of the earth's roundness, claiming rain would "fall upward" in places and that even if upside-down people could live on a globe's bottom, then they couldn't see the Savior's return in glory.)"
Jean-François