Lipson, H. S., «A Physicist Looks at Evolution,» Physics Bulletin, vol. 31 (May 1980), p. 138.

«It may be thought that [crystallisation] is a simple analogue from which the principles of life may be developed. We know, however, that crystallisation occurs because entropy S is not the deciding factor, internal energy U is also important. The quantity that must be minimised is the free energy (U-TS) and U is small for a crystal because the atoms are carefully packed together. As the temperature T increases, S becomes more important, and the crystal first becomes liquid (usually) and then gaseous.
«Therefore, if we wish to regard the birth of an animal as regulated by the principles of thermodynamics, we must believe that the developing arrangement of atoms is that of lowest internal energy. My mind boggles!

«If living matter is not, then, caused by the interplay of atoms, natural forces and radiation, how has it come into being? … I think, however, that we must … admit that the only acceptable explanation is creation. I know that this is anathema to physicists, as indeed it is to me, but we must not reject a theory that we do not like if the experimental evidence supports it.»

Lehninger, Albert L., «Energy Transformation in the Cell,» Scientific American (May 1960), pp. 102-114.

p. 102
«From the standpoint of thermodynamics the very existence of living things, with their marvelous diversity and complexity of structure and function, is improbable. The laws of thermodynamics say that energy must run ‘downhill,’ as in a flame, and that all systems of atoms and molecules must ultimately and inevitably assume the most random configurations with the least energy-content. Continuous ‘uphill’ work is necessary to create and maintain the structure of the cell. It is the capacity to extract energy from its surroundings and to use this energy in an orderly and directed manner that distinguishes the living human organism from the few dollars’ (actually $5.66 in today’s inflated market) worth of common chemical elements of which it is composed.»

Wickramasinghe, C., Interview in London Daily Express (August 14, 1981), Wickramasinghe is Professor of Applied Math & Astronomy, University College, Cardiff.

«From my earliest training as a scientist, I was very strongly brainwashed to believe that science cannot be consistent with any kind of deliberate creation. That notion has had to be painfully shed.

«Each found that the odds against the spark of life igniting accidentally on Earth were … ‘10 to the power of 40,000.’»

«They did calculations based on the size and age of the universe (15 billion years) and found that the odds against life beginning spontaneously anywhere in space were ‘10 to the power of 30.’»

«At the moment, I can’t find any rational argument to knock down the view which argues for conversion to God….
We used to have an open mind; now we realize that the only logical answer to life is creation—and not accidental random shuffling.»

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